Saturday 19th
June 2004, 14:15 – 15:00
BEAUTIFUL AND HUNGRY - CP©” – An Attempt to
Spread the Knowledge on Carnivorous Plants by the Private
Production of Entertaining Movies on Their Characteristics,
Behaviour and Natural Habitats.
Siegfried R.H. Hartmeyer, Wittlinger Str. 5, D-79576 Weil am Rhein, Germany,
Internet: www.hartmeyer.de; S.Hartmeyer@t-online.de
After the making of several celluloid-footage
for friends and family on our travelling in Europe, Africa,
and Asia since 1978, my wife Irmgard and myself decided 1989
to upgrade our equipment to the Super-VHS video standard,
and to focus the subject of our movies on our second passion,
the carnivorous plants. Meanwhile our equipment is fully digital.
Our goal was - and is still -
to spread the knowlegde on those fascinating genera
by showing our movies not only to friends, but also at several
events as CP- (and other) society meetings, and in botanical
gardens in Germany and Switzerland. 1994 we decided to produce
our movies also in the English language. A new project was
born, that we called “BEAUTIFUL AND HUNGRY - CP© ”.
Giving an example, we show now some footage, featuring Byblis, Cephalotus, numerous Australian
Drosera, the Seychelles
pitcher plant Nepenthes
pervillei, and as a “botanical guest”, also Stylidium
(Triggerplants) can be seen “in action”.
1997 Irmgard and myself have been invited by the
trade-fair “Regio-Messe-Lörrach” (Germany) to organise a big
and 10 days lasting CP-event. It was possible to co-operate
with the two botanical gardens of Basel (Switzerland), the
Swiss CP-friends, the German GFP, even with the French CPS
“Dionée” and the CP-nursery Carow&Wrono. 65’000 visitors
have been fascinated by the plants and CP-movies, which has
been reported by several radios and newspapers. Several schools
visited the exhibition, taking lots of info-material on CP
for future lessons. Additional important was, that we came
together with a company, interested to produce a CD-ROM. Thus,
a spin-off product of this successful CP event was the first
interactive CD-ROM on CP, which could be released 2000 by
that company (IBS-Multimedia), using our meanwhile registered
new label HUNTING VEGGIES®. On this place we show some features like “A
simple method for enzyme-testing” and the “CP-encyclopaedia”
from the CD’s English edition.
Since
1999 we use full digital equipment, including a professional
editing software. So more projects could be realised, as i.e.
the production of two movies on the International Carnivorous
Plant Conferences in San Francisco (2000) and Tokyo (2002).
We tried our best to achieve the best possible quality and
- using some digital features - to keep the footage as entertaining
as possible. Actually, it was possible to record two great
CP events and I’m gonna show some short sequences at this
place.
Finally we show a small sequence from our successful
movie FLEISCHIMANIA (2001), which meanwhile found even the
interest of 2 TV stations, and will maybe confirm the rumours
on our topic, and still not published CP- project…
Saturday 19th
June 2004, 15:00 – 15:30
Pinguicula species in the South-Eastern
United States – Illustrated habitats in Florida
Oliver Gluch, Franz-Hartard-Str. 38, 67376 Harthausen, Germany
In the South-eastern United States 6 Pinguicula species are endemic. During
a trip at the end of February 2003, the author was visiting
different sites in Florida of P.
lutea, P. planifolia, P. ionantha, P. caerulea
and P. pumila.
Florida is a mostly flat region (highest point
345 ft/105 m). The Florida Peninsula is a limestone plateau
formed 50-60 million years ago. On top of the bedrock there
is a layer made up of deposits (mostly clay, but sometimes
also pure sand) from ancient rivers from the Appalachian Mountains.
The clay layer is impervious to water with the effect that
in many areas the rainwater cannot seep through the underlying
limestone bedrock and therefore forming a large area of wetlands.
Pinguicula species often can be found together with saw grass, wire
grass, Sabel palms, palmettos and pine trees.
Different habitats of P. pumila in Hernando County (Western Florida), in the Big Cypress
National Park and on the southernmost site on Big Pine Key
are shown. The effect of different soil and growing conditions
on plant size and flower variation are demonstrated. Especially
the populations in Western Florida are showing a large variation
in flower form and coloration, including the “areola” form.
Also the rosette size is much bigger than seen in other locations.
The habitat of P. ionantha, the most endangered and only protected butterwort variety
by CITES in the U.S., is shown at one location in the Panhandle
in Franklin County. The species is growing there beside the
road in a wet habitat together with Drosera
capillaris. Also a plant with a less common violet flower
is shown.
P. planifolia the most “aquatic” species is often
growing completely under water. Two locations in Liberty County
are shown where species often grows together with Drosera
capillaris and Sarracenia
species.
End of February P. lutea was just beginning to flower. This species likes more drier
areas in open grassland. 2 locations in Pasco County and Liberty
County are illustrated. Also the location of
f. alba was visited, but no white flowers
could be detected, as flowering buds were just beginning.
P. lutea grows there together with Drosera brevifolia.
One location of P. caerulea near West Palm beach is shown. The plants grow in a tall grasses and often
shaded by palmettos in a very sandy soil. This species grows
under more drier conditions. The flower forms and coloration
vary a lot at this site.
The populations of the different Pinguicula
species face an uncertain future. Florida ist still an immigration
country where the need of housing and road construction in
combination with draining larger areas is continuing in the
future and will dry out some sites. Also agriculture (in form
of fertilizer and pesticides) influences more and more the
populations in the Southern part of Florida. There are large
timber companies owning most of the woodlands in the Panhandle
area. Any change in the water management and the planting
of different 3 species could cause a dramatic change in growing
conditions. If only some isolated protected areas would finally
remain, it will be quite uncertain if all butterwort species
would survive in the future, especially the already endangered
species P. ionantha
and P. planifolia,
which already grow in a quite restricted area.
Saturday 19th June 2004, 15:30 - 16:00
The Cuticular Pores in Glandular Hairs of Genlisea
St.-Hil. in Relation to their Functions
Bartosz Plachno1, Jadwiga Faber2 & Andrzej Jankun1
1Department of
Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, The Jagiellonian
University, Grodzka 52 St., 31- 044 Krakow, Poland; e-mail: bartek78pl@poczta.onet.pl
2 Department of
Cytology and Histology, Institute of Zoology,The
Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6 St., 30-060 Krakow, Poland
Traps of six species of Genlisea: Genlisea lobata, G. violacea, G. sp. “Itacambira Beauty”, hybrid Genlisea lobata x Genlisea violacea
(subgenus Tayloria) and G.
pygmae, G. hispidula
(subgenus Genlisea) were examined. For scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) traps were cut and fixed in 3% phosphate-buffered
glutaraldehyde for 2 h in room temperature or in ethanol/acetic
acid (3/1) and then dehydrated through an ethanol series.
Material was critical-point dried using liquid CO2. The dried tissues
were coated with gold and viewed with HITACHI S-4700 SEM (in
the Scanning Microscopy Laboratory of Biological and Geological
Sciences of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow). The presence
of cuticular discontinuities of living hairs was tested by
using vital stain: neutral red (1%).
Despite a diverse morphology, all glandular hairs
of the traps have the same basic structure. Each hair consists
of three types of cells: basal cell, middle cell with impregnated
lateral wall, and one or more terminal cells. Terminal cells
of the external and internal glandular hairs absorb neutral
red. The cuticle of the trap is impermeable with exception
of cuticle of terminal cells of the glands. Using SEM we detected
cuticular pores in external and internal hairs both in neck
and bulb of the trap. Glandular hairs in the bulb serve two
main functions: the discharge of hydrolytic enzymes and the
absorption of the products of digestion. The pores in the
cuticle and wall ingrowths (on the radial walls) are involved
in these processes. The presence of discontinuous cuticle
in terminal cells of external hairs suggests that these hairs
are responsible for water absorption with mineral solutes
from external medium.
Up to now cuticular
pores in carnivorous plants have been detected using SEM only
in Drosera tentacles (Wiliams & Pickard 1969, 1974 after
Juniper et al. 1989).
References
Juniper B. E., Robins R. J., Joel D. M. (1989) The Carnivorous
Plants. Academic Press, London, United-Kingdom.
Saturday 19th June 2004, 16:30 - 17:00
Biological diversity in the genus Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)
Aline Raynal-Roques(1) and Joël Jérémie(2)
(1) raynal.aline@wanadoo.fr
(2) jeremie@mnhn.fr
The genus Utricularia L. (Lentibulariaceae) includes ca. 220 species found in
various environments (aquatic, terrestrial-swampy, epiphytic),
all of which are generally water saturated. Many species show
adaptations to a free floating way of life, including the
presence of air tissues, floats, turions, and the lack of
support tissues. Plants fixed to their substrate have peculiar
organs (« stolons », « rhizoids », « tubers »,
« leaves ») whose morphological significance is
still obscure. The floral biology of members of the genus
is also diverse. The flower presents morphological characters
generally considered to be adaptations to insect pollination:
vividly colored flowers, strong zygomorphy, a spur born by
the lower lip of the corolla, floral glands, stigmatic sensitive
movements. However, xenogamy appears to be scarce, numerous
species of Utricularia
being autogamous; cleistogamy, either opportunistic or architectural,
occurs in several species. Because of their preference for
undisturbed fresh waters and wet substrates, most of these
plants are found in particulary fragile, oligotrophic biotopes
(pools, bogs, tropical rain forests) that are often threatened
and whose protection is required for their survival.
Saturday 19th June 2004, 17:00 - 17:30
Traps and trapping mechanisms in Utricularia
Marianne Peroutka, Sonja Tschumpel,
Irene K. Lichtscheidl:
Institute of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University
of Vienna.
We investigate the traps and the trapping
mechanisms of Utricularia
and compare aquatic and terrestrial species. Traps appear
to function with the same mechanisms, although they differ
slightly in their morphology regarding glands and trigger
hairs, i.e. the trap door is activated by mechanical stimuli
coming from the animals. Very often, however we observe also
inorganic and non-moving material within the bladders. This
suggests autonomous opening of the trap doors without external
stimuli. We analyse the triggered and non-triggered activation
of the traps by immersion into coloured fluids and we observe
the absorption of the dyes. In addition, we show the process
of suction of animals into the bladders in time-lapse cinematography.